Impact of the government size on economic growth in the Western Balkan countries

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Abstract

The Keynesian theory states that economic growth is positively affected by government spending, while Classical theory states that economic growth is negatively affected by government spending, as is stated by neoclassical public choice theorists (Nyasha & Odhiambo, 2019). Based on these theories, many authors have carried out research on the impact of economic freedom on economic growth by analyzing various empirical cases. Bergh and Karlsson (2010) with the findings from his paper confirmed that the countries with the highest government size have an elevated growth in the globalization index of KOF and the Fraser Institute’s economic freedom index. The main aim of this paper is to analyze the government size impact on the growth of the economy in the Western Balkan in the time period 2000–2017 according to Fraser Institute’s data, incorporating the following econometric models: fixed and random effects, pooled ordinary least squares (OLS), and Hausman-Taylor IV. With these models, this paper analyzes a government size and its components: government enterprises and investment, government consumption, transfers, and subsidies. The results illustrate a relationship between the size of the government and the growth of the economy in the Western Balkans that is positive. 1% increase in government size affects 0.29% gross domestic product (GDP) growth per capita. According to the Hausman-Taylor instrumental variable, 1% growth of government consumption is affected by 0.69% the decline in GDP per capita. The growth rate of transfers and subsidies affects 0.17% of GDP growth per capita and 1% of government enterprises and investment affects 0.54% GDP growth per capita.

Keywords: Government Size, Economic Growth, Fraser Institute, Western Balkan

Authors’ individual contribution: Conceptualization — R.B., A.G., K.U., and D.R.; Methodology — R.B.; Software — R.B.; Validation — A.G.; Formal Analysis — R.B.; Investigation — R.B. and D.R.; Resources — K.U. and D.R.; Data Curation — A.G. and K.U.; Writing — Original Draft — R.B., A.G., K.U., and D.R.; Writing — Review & Editing — R.B., A.G., K.U., and D.R.; Visualization — K.U. and D.R.; Supervision — R.B. and A.G.; Project Administration — R.B.

Declaration of conflicting interests: The Authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

JEL Classification: B4, E020, E2

Received: 02.06.2021
Accepted: 11.01.2022
Published online: 13.01.2022

How to cite this paper: Bajrami, B., Gashi, A., Ukshini, K., & Rexha, D. (2022). Impact of the government size on economic growth in the Western Balkan countries. Journal of Governance & Regulation, 11(1), 55–63. https://doi.org/10.22495/jgrv11i1art6