Diversification and corporate strategy of agricultural products exports from a developing country
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Jose Carlos Montes Ninaquispe 
, Hugo Daniel García Juárez , Eduardo Ygnacio Arraya Celis , Karol Melissa Arbaiza Godos , Erik Omar Escalona Aguilar , Luis Edgardo Cruz Salinas , Gary Christiam Farfán Chilicaus , Antony Esmit Franco Fernández-Altamirano
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Abstract
This study explores the diversification of avocado exports from Peru during the period from 2018 to 2022, recognizing Peru’s significant export potential. It analyzes export patterns and market concentration levels. Using a quantitative, non-experimental approach, the analysis was conducted with data sourced from the National Superintendence of Customs and Tax Administration (SUNAT). The study applied the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) to assess the degree of market concentration. The findings reveal an average annual growth in avocado exports of 12.5 percent, alongside a decrease in the average price per kilogram of 5.4 percent. These metrics indicate not only an expansion of the market base through diversification into new markets but also reduced vulnerability to price fluctuations and external demand. The conclusions underscore a significant improvement in the local economy due to diversification, which has subsequently increased Peru’s economic resilience. To foster continued growth in this sector, the implementation of a comprehensive strategy is recommended, encompassing infrastructure, human capital, innovation, and the development of a robust business environment, aligned with the growth of other agricultural products in Peru.
Keywords: Economics, Exports, International Trade, Comparative Advantage, Avocado, Peru
Authors’ individual contribution: Conceptualization — J.C.M.N.; Methodology — E.Y.A.C. and A.E.F.F.-A.; Investigation — J.C.M.N., H.D.G.J., G.C.F.C., and A.E.F.F.-A.; Writing — J.C.M.N. and L.E.C.S.; Supervision — J.C.M.N., K.M.A.G., and E.O.E.A.; Project Administration — J.C.M.N. and A.E.F.F.-A.
Declaration of conflicting interests: The Authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
JEL Classification: F1, F5, F6
Received: 14.05.2024
Revised: 09.09.2024; 01.12.2024; 16.06.2025
Accepted: 11.07.2025
Published online: 15.07.2025
How to cite this paper: Montes Ninaquispe, J. C., García Juárez, H. D., Arraya Celis, E. Y., Arbaiza Godos, K. M., Escalona Aguilar, E. O., Cruz Salinas, L. E., Farfán Chilicaus, G. C., & Fernández-Altamirano, A. E. F. (2025). Diversification and corporate strategy of agricultural products exports from a developing country. Corporate & Business Strategy Review, 6(3), 138–148. https://doi.org/10.22495/cbsrv6i3art13
