Employee performance and several predicting factors: A causality and strategy implication

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Abstract

One way to see the success of a company is by assessing the performance of its employees to build sustainable productivity (Previtali et al., 2022; Athirah Saidi et al., 2019). To follow up on that perspective, this study investigates the role of leadership style, discipline, and work environment on employee performance. The main focus is on companies operating in the maritime services industry sector located at Shorebase Tanjung Batu (North Penajam Paser (Penajam Paser Utara) — PPU) under the supervision of Pertamina Trans Continental (PTK). The interview instrument was through the distribution of closed questionnaires which were submitted to 591 employees. The questionnaire is used to measure response perceptions based on a Likert scale which includes five alternative options: 1 = completely disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = moderate, 4 = agree, and 5 = completely agree. Then, primary data is tabulated via the partial least squares (PLS) model. The study output found that leadership style, discipline, and work environment influence collective employee performance. Partially, leadership style and work environment have positive implications for employee performance. Yet, discipline actually has a negative impact on employee performance. Dedication to growing the body of knowledge is the development of indicators on the variables analyzed.

Keywords: Employee Performance, Leadership Style, Discipline, Work Environment, Partial Least Squares

Authors’ individual contribution: Conceptualization — M.A., T.Y., and W.S.; Methodology — D.T. and I.A.; Software — D.C.D.; Validation — M.A., D.T., and I.A.; Formal Analysis — D.C.D.; Investigation – T.Y.; Resources — W.S.; Data Curation — I.A.; Writing — Original Draft — D.T. and D.C.D.; Writing — Review & Editing — M.A. and D.C.D.; Visualization — D.T., T.Y., W.S., and I.A.; Supervision — M.A.; Project Administration — D.C.D.; Funding Acquisition — M.A., D.T., T.Y., W.S. and I.A.

Declaration of conflicting interests: The Authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

JEL Classification: C51, M10, M12, M59

Received: 19.12.2023
Revised: 24.02.2024; 28.01.2025
Accepted: 20.02.2025
Published online: 24.02.2025

How to cite this paper: Ariani, M., Tamara, D., Yuliani, T., Saraswati, W., Arrywibowo, I., & Darma, D. C. (2025). Employee performance and several predicting factors: A causality and strategy implication [Special issue]. Corporate & Business Strategy Review, 6(1), 293–303. https://doi.org/10.22495/cbsrv6i1siart6