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Financial knowledge, climate, and demographic resilience as key factors to financial inclusion and sustainable development
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Albana Gjoni 
, Elona Fejzaj , Etleva Muça , Skënder Uku , Xhelentiona Mullaymeri , Silvana Nakuçi , Shkëlqim Fortuzi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Abstract
The main objective of the research study was to assess the important factors that influence the sustainable development of agriculture, the financial inclusion of farmers, as well as their perceptions regarding financial resources in Albania. Financial inclusion is key to obtaining sustainability (Arner et al., 2020). In the context of factors such as climate and demographic changes that make sustainable agricultural production difficult, it is important to assess the factors that positively and negatively affect the performance of Albanian farmers as well as their readiness to develop sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural products. A questionnaire was created for the study purpose and shared with 207 farmers in Albania. The results of the study indicate the existence of barriers that prevent Albanian farmers from accessing financial resources and markets, relatively low financial inclusion, and low awareness of the benefits of developing sustainable agriculture. In conclusion, it is very important to increase the financial inclusion of farmers in Albania and to improve their attitude towards sustainable development to achieve sustainable agricultural products and sustainable financial performance.
Keywords: Financial Knowledge, Climate Change, Demographic Change, Financial Inclusion, Sustainable Agriculture
Authors’ individual contribution: Conceptualization — A.G. and E.F.; Methodology — A.G., E.M., S.F., and S.U.; Data Curation — A.G., S.N., X.M., and S.U.; Writing — A.G., E.F., X.M., and E.M.
Declaration of conflicting interests: The Authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
JEL Classification: D14, Q01, Q14, Q54
Received: 05.08.2025
Revised: 02.11.2025; 29.11.2025; 26.01.2026
Accepted: 05.02.2026
Published online: 10.02.2026
How to cite this paper: Gjoni, A., Fejzaj, E., Muça, E., Uku, S., Mullaymeri, X., Nakuçi, S., & Fortuzi, S. (2026). Financial knowledge, climate, and demographic resilience as key factors to financial inclusion and sustainable development. Corporate Governance and Sustainability Review, 10(1), 178–191. https://doi.org/10.22495/cgsrv10i1p16
